基于C#的Socket通信TCP和UDP两种协议实现

基于C#实现的Socket通信完整示例源码，包含TCP和UDP两种协议实现

一、TCP通信示例

1. TCP服务端（同步版）

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

public class TcpServer
{
    private Socket _serverSocket;
    private Socket _clientSocket;
    private byte[] _buffer = new byte[1024];

    public void Start(string ipAddress, int port)
    {
        _serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
        _serverSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ipAddress), port));
        _serverSocket.Listen(10);
        Console.WriteLine($"服务器启动，监听 {ipAddress}:{port}");

        _clientSocket = _serverSocket.Accept();
        Console.WriteLine("客户端已连接");

        // 接收数据线程
        Thread receiveThread = new Thread(ReceiveData);
        receiveThread.Start();
    }

    private void ReceiveData()
    {
        try
        {
            while (true)
            {
                int bytesReceived = _clientSocket.Receive(_buffer);
                string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_buffer, 0, bytesReceived);
                Console.WriteLine($"收到消息: {message}");

                // 回显消息
                byte[] response = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"ECHO: {message}");
                _clientSocket.Send(response);
            }
        }
        catch (SocketException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Socket异常: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    public void Stop()
    {
        _clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
        _clientSocket.Close();
        _serverSocket.Close();
    }
}

2. TCP客户端（同步版）

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

public class TcpClientDemo
{
    private Socket _clientSocket;
    private byte[] _buffer = new byte[1024];

    public void Connect(string serverIp, int port)
    {
        _clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
        _clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(serverIp), port));
        Console.WriteLine("已连接到服务器");
    }

    public void SendMessage(string message)
    {
        byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        _clientSocket.Send(data);
        
        // 接收回显
        int bytesReceived = _clientSocket.Receive(_buffer);
        string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_buffer, 0, bytesReceived);
        Console.WriteLine($"服务器响应: {response}");
    }

    public void Disconnect()
    {
        _clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
        _clientSocket.Close();
    }
}

二、UDP通信示例

1. UDP服务端

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class UdpServer
{
    private UdpClient _udpServer;

    public void Start(int port)
    {
        _udpServer = new UdpClient(port);
        Console.WriteLine($"UDP服务器启动，监听端口 {port}");

        IPEndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
        byte[] receiveBytes = _udpServer.Receive(ref remoteEP);
        string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receiveBytes);
        Console.WriteLine($"收到来自 {remoteEP} 的消息: {message}");

        // 回显消息
        byte[] response = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"ECHO: {message}");
        _udpServer.Send(response, response.Length, remoteEP);
    }

    public void Stop()
    {
        _udpServer.Close();
    }
}

2. UDP客户端

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class UdpClientDemo
{
    private UdpClient _udpClient;

    public void Send(string serverIp, int port, string message)
    {
        _udpClient = new UdpClient();
        IPEndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(serverIp), port);
        byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        _udpClient.Send(data, data.Length, remoteEP);

        // 接收回显
        IPEndPoint receiveEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
        byte[] receiveBytes = _udpClient.Receive(ref receiveEP);
        string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receiveBytes);
        Console.WriteLine($"服务器响应: {response}");

        _udpClient.Close();
    }
}

三、使用示例

1. TCP通信测试

// 服务端启动
var tcpServer = new TcpServer();
tcpServer.Start("127.0.0.1", 8888);

// 客户端连接
var tcpClient = new TcpClientDemo();
tcpClient.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888);
tcpClient.SendMessage("Hello Server!");
tcpClient.Disconnect();

2. UDP通信测试

// 服务端启动
var udpServer = new UdpServer();
udpServer.Start(9999);

// 客户端发送
var udpClient = new UdpClientDemo();
udpClient.Send("127.0.0.1", 9999, "Hello UDP Server!");
udpServer.Stop();

四、关键功能说明

1. TCP协议特性 面向连接，保证数据可靠性 支持双向持续通信 需要处理粘包/分包问题（示例未实现）

2. UDP协议特性 无连接，不保证可靠性 低延迟，适合实时通信 需自行处理数据完整性

3. 异常处理建议

   try
   {
       // 网络操作
   }
   catch (SocketException ex)
   {
       Console.WriteLine($"Socket错误: {ex.SocketErrorCode} - {ex.Message}");
   }
   catch (ObjectDisposedException)
   {
       Console.WriteLine("套接字已关闭");
   }
   

五、工程实践建议

1. 多线程处理

   // 使用异步方法提升性能
   public async Task ReceiveAsync()
   {
       while (true)
       {
           SocketAsyncEventArgs e = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
           e.SetBuffer(_buffer, 0, _buffer.Length);
           e.Completed += OnReceiveCompleted;
           await _clientSocket.ReceiveAsync(e);
       }
   }
   

2. 心跳机制

   // 定时发送心跳包
   Timer heartbeatTimer = new Timer(30000);
   heartbeatTimer.Elapsed += (s, e) => 
   {
       byte[] heartbeat = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("HEARTBEAT");
       _clientSocket.Send(heartbeat);
   };
   

3. 消息边界处理

   // 使用固定长度头部
   public void SendWithHeader(string message)
   {
       byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
       byte[] header = BitConverter.GetBytes(data.Length);
       _clientSocket.Send(header.Concat(data).ToArray());
   }
   

六、调试技巧

1. 数据监控

   // 使用Wireshark抓包分析
   // 或添加日志记录
   public static class Logger
   {
       public static void Log(byte[] data)
       {
           File.WriteAllBytes("debug.bin", data);
       }
   }
   

2. 性能测试

   // 压力测试代码
   for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
   {
       var client = new TcpClientDemo();
       client.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888);
       client.SendMessage($"Test {i}");
       client.Disconnect();
   }
   

参考代码 C# Socket通信示例源码 www.youwenfan.com/contenttef/93545.html

七、扩展功能实现

1. SSL加密通信

   using System.Net.Security;
   using System.Security.Authentication;
   
   public class SecureTcpServer
   {
       private SslStream _sslStream;
   
       public void StartSecure(int port)
       {
           // 加载证书
           X509Certificate2 serverCert = new X509Certificate2("server.pfx", "password");
   
           TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port);
           listener.Start();
           TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
   
           _sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false);
           _sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCert);
       }
   }
   

2. 协议扩展

   public enum MessageType : byte
   {
       Text = 0x01,
       File = 0x02,
       Command = 0x03
   }
   
   public class ProtocolParser
   {
       public static (MessageType type, string content) Parse(byte[] data)
       {
           MessageType type = (MessageType)data[0];
           string content = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data.Skip(1).ToArray());
           return (type, content);
       }
   }